Furnace Temperature Details - J. R. REFRACTORY

Furnace Temperature

Kind of Furnace	Degrees C	Degrees F
Boilers By-Product Coke Ovens Cement Kilns, hot Zone Copper Converters Copper Refining Furnaces Copper Reverberatories Gas Producer Glass Annealing Furnaces Glass Tanks, bottle Glass Tanks, plate Iron and Steel Furnaces Annealing Oven Blast Furnace, tapping Bessemer Converter Electric Furnaces Heating Furnaces Malleable Furnaces Open Hearths Melting Chamber Checkers Soaking Pits	1000 to 1600 1000 to 1500 1300 to 1600 1200 to 1300 1250 to 1550 1300 to 1570 1260 to 1370 0430 to 0450 1370 to 1600 1370 to 1650 0760 to 0980 1370 to 1540 1540 to 1650 1450 to 1700 0980 to 1310 1300 to 1650 0650 to 1680 0200 to 1430 1150 to 1370	1800 to 2900 1830 to 2730 2400 to 2900 2200 to 2400 2300 to 2800 2400 to 2850 2300 to 2500 0800 to 1000 2500 to 2900 2500 to 3000 1400 to 1800 2500 to 2800 2800 to 3000 2650 to 3100 1800 to 2400 2400 to 3000 1200 to 3050 0400 to 2600 2100 to 2500

TEMPERATURE END POINTS OF PYROMETRIC CONES

Definition- Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (P.C.E.) - Supposing the case of Refractories, the amount of standard cone whose tip touches the supporting spot concurrently with a cone of the substance gets examined when tested as per the industrial standard method of Fire clay Bricks IS: 1528 Part-I 1980 of ISI.
Note: These expressions- fusion point, deformation point, softening point and melting point, have generally been used for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (P.C.E.).

LARGE CONES			P. C. E. CONES
Orton Cone	C	F	Orton Cone	C	F
022 021 020 019	585 602 625 668	1085 1116 1157 1234	11 12 13 14	1294 1306 1349 1398	2361 2383 2460 2548
018 017 016 015	696 727 767 790	1285 1341 1407 1454	15 16 17 18	1430 1491 1512 1522	2606 2716 2754 2772
014 013 012 011	834 869 866 886	1533 1596 1591 1627	19 20 23 26	1541 1564 1605 1621	2806 2847 2921 2950
010 09 08 07	887 915 945 973	1629 1679 1733 1783	27 29 31 31	1640 1659 1683 1699	2984 3018 3061 3090
06 05 04 03	991 1031 1050 1086	1816 1888 1922 1987	32 32 33 34	1717 1724 1743 1763	3123 3135 3169 3205
02 01 1 2	1101 1117 1136 1142	2014 2043 2077 2088	35 36 37 38	1785 1804 1820 1820	3245 3279 3308 3362
3 4 5 6	1152 1168 1177 1201	2106 2134 2151 2194	39 40 41 42	1865 1885 1970 2015	3389 3425 3525 3659
7 8 9 10	1215 1236 1260 1285	2219 2257 2300 2345	-	-	-
*Note: Pyrometric Cones do not provide precise temperature measurement. Where it is wished to construe P.C.E. values closed to the measured temperature. Above listed table can be referred because this table have been officially accepted by A.S.M.T., that is established on the works of fair child and peters, J. Amer. Cer. Soc. 9, 701-43, 1926. Correction in A.S.M.T. Cones from 12 to 37 (inclusive) were adopted in June, 1955, A.S.M.T. Standards 1955, 711.715 Heating rate: Cones 022 to 37 (inclusive), 150Cent. per hour (270F per hour); Cones 38, 100 Cent. per hour (180F per hours). The aforesaid temperature ranges do not refer to slower of heating in commercialized firing and utilization of refractory substances. Above stated table/chart have been acquired by the Bureau Of Indian Standards.
Cooperative Chart showing Cones Nos. and Temperature for segar & Orton Cones
Cone No.	Segar()	Orton ()	Cone No. ()	Segar ()	Orton ()
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 26 27 27 28 29 30	1395 1410 1440 1470 1500 1520 1540 1560 - 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680	1349 1398 1430 1491 1512 1522 1541 1564 1605 1621 1640 - 1646 1659 1665	31 31 32 32 33 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42	1700 - 1710 1720 1730 1740 1760 1780 1800 1830 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980	1683 1699 1717 1724 1743 - 1763 1785 1804 1820 1835 1865 1885 1970 2015
Conversion Table Cold Crushing Strength
Kg/cm2 KB/IN2 Kg/cm2 KB/IN2	100 1,422 - -	200 2,844 600 8,532	300 4,266 700 9,954	400 5,688 800 11,376	500 7,110 900 12,798
Calorie
1,000 K.Cal 1,000 BTU		1,500 5,952		1,000 3,968
Thermal Conductivity
K. Cal /m/hr/C B.T.U./in/hr./F		- 4,032	0.5 8,064	1 24,194	3 -
Density
g/cm3 ib/ft3 ib/in3 g/cm3 ib/ft3 ib/in3	1.9 119 0.06865 - - -	2.1 131 0.07587 2.9 181 0.10478	2.5 144 0.0831 3.1 194 0.11200	2.5 156 0.09033 3.3 206 0.11923	2.7 169 0.09755 3.5 219 0.12646